儒家思想( Confucianism)是中国影响最大的思想流派,也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来,儒家思想就是封建统治阶级( feudal ruling class )的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义( humanism)。它提倡自我修养,认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”,在这样的一个社会中,每个人都能扮演好自己的角色,并与他人维持良好的关系。

参考翻译四级听力答案

Confucianism is the largest chinese school ofthoughts and the mainstream consciousness ofthe ancient china Confucianism had been one of theruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since thehan dynasty . the core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism . it advocates self -cultivation , and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable . a grand goal ofconfucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her partwell , and maintains a good relationship with others.

翻译详解

1.思想流派可译为 school of thoughts

2.指导思想可译为 ruling doctrine也可直译为 guiding ideology

3.自我修养应翻译为self- cultivation。 cultivate除了有“耕种照料”之意,还可以表示“修养,改善”。

4.可教化的、可完善的都可以使用动词加上"-able"这一形容词后缀的构词法,故分别为 teachable和 improvable。

5.大同社会孔子所提出的“大同”的特征是:“大道之行也,天下为公。选贤与能,讲信修睦.!从字面上也可看出,“大同”即为“和谐”之意,故“大同社会”可译为 harmonious society或perfect societ

6.每个人除可译为 everybody、 everyone以外,还可译为each individual更加强调个体。“扮演好某人的角色”即为 play one's role well