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ADHD Drugs Don't Boost Kids' Grades考研考什么

治疗多动症的药物不能提高孩子的学习成绩

It's no longer shocking to hear of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder—and others simply facing a big test—taking ADHD medicine to boost their performance in school. But new studies point to a problem: There's little evidence that the drugs actually improve academic outcomes.

那些患有注意力缺乏多动障碍的孩子，会在学校大考时，服用治疗多动症的药物来提高成绩，人们对此已经见怪不怪了。但新的研究表明：缺少足够的证据证明药物真能提高学习成绩。

Children with ADHD not taking stimulants did far worse than kids taking medication in tasks that involved remembering scenes from a story they both heard and saw illustrated. Kids taking medication did just as well as control children without ADHD，according to the study published in April in the journal Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. But the effects largely don't seem to translate into the class- room，especially in the long run. In one major，U. S. government- funded study known as the MTA that looked at the long-term effects of ADHD treatment，579 children with the condition were randomized to one of three different kinds of treatment or a control group for 14 months.

从听到和看到的画报故事中记忆场景，在这一测试中，服用药物的孩子要比没有服药的孩子做得好。据四月发表在《生物化学和行为药理学》杂志上的研究显示：服用药物的孩子和对照组那些没有多动症的孩子做得一样好。但这一效果很大程度上似乎未能实现在课堂上，尤其是从长远来看。美国政府资助了一项称之为MTA的大型项目，用于研究多动症治疗的长期影响，579名患有多动症的儿童被随机分成三种不同类型的治疗组和对照组，该研究持续14个月。

For the first year of the study，the 8- and 9-year old children who received medication and a combination treatment saw greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the other two groups. Kids taking medicine also exhibited some improvement in educational outcomes in that first year But any benefit of the drug on symptoms dissipated by Year Three. Other studies have shown that kids who take ADHD medication and study early for an exam tend to do just as well, if not better, than kids without ADHD. But those who take medication and study at the last minute don't do any better.

在研究开始的第一年，八九岁左右的接受单一和联合治疗的孩子与其他两组相比，在多动症状上有很大改善。服用药物的孩子在第一年学习成绩也有所提高。但这些好的效果在第三年就都不再有了。还有研究表明，服用药物并提前备考，效果跟没有患多动症的孩子比，就算不比他们更好，至少也是差不多的。那些服用药物但只在快考试的时候才复习准备的，效果并不好。

Together, these findings suggest that medication alone isn't enough to improve academic performance. The medicine may help with focus, but it doesn't help with deciding what to focus on, experts say. Rather, it needs to be coupled with skills training, such as learning how to organize or prioritize.

以上这些结果表明，单独的药物治疗不足以提高学习成绩。专家说，药物可以帮助提高注意力，但它不能决定集中注意力关注什么。相反，服用药物并辅助相应的技能训练，如计划组织或排序，才会有效果。