2016考研英语冲刺：2010年阅读试题text3核心词汇

[第一段]

epidemic /9epI5demIk/ n [C] (传染病、风尚、思潮的)传播，流行：The unexpected influenza epidemic was already making us very short of staff. 突如其来的流感的传播使得我们人手严重不足。(S1)

influential /9InflU5enFl/ n [C]有影响力的人;有势力的人：get the advice of policy influentials 得到制定政策权威人士的建议(S1)

informed /In5fR:md/ adj 见多识广的：The book is intended for an informed readership. 本书的目标读者群是那些见多识广的人。(S1)

connected /kE5nektId/ adj有来往的;有关系的：How are you connected with the business? 你和这家公司是如何开始打交道的?(S1)

intuitive /In5tju:ItIv/ adj直觉的;凭直觉感知的：intuitive estimate / assessment / knowledge 直观的估计/评价/了解 (S2)

compelling /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ adj 无法驳倒的;令人信服的：There is compelling evidence that the industrial recession is ending. 有令人信服的证据显示衰退即将终止。(S2)

[第二段]

derive /dI5raIv/ v [I, T]源自;源于：“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”. [2003年考研阅读理解Part C]“Anthropology”(人类学)一词来源于希腊单词“anthropos”(人类)和“logos”(研究)。(S1)

plausible /5plR:zEbl/ adj 貌似真实的;貌似有理的：The story was plausible but that didn’ t necessarily mean it was true. 这个故事很有道理，但并不表示它就是真实的。(S1)

embrace /Im5breIs/ v [T] 欣然接受(或支持)(某种信仰、 理论、 改变)： Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railroads. 许多国家都已经热情高涨地接受了关于高速铁路的观念。(S2)

cursory /5k\:sErI/ adj 粗略的;草率的：A cursory examination did not reveal any problems. 粗略的检查并没有发现任何问题。(S4)

anecdotal /9Anek9dEUtl/ adj 轶事的;传闻的：While there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact. 传闻性证据多，而确凿的事实几乎没有。(S5)

[第三段]

come up with sth 想出，提出(想法或计划)： She came up with a great idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的绝妙主意。 (S1)

[第四段]

stem from v起源于; 由……造成： Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child.[1999年考研阅读理解Part A Text 4] 沙皮罗在会议期间解释到， 这种对道德的怀疑态度， 主要来源于对于孩子们健康可能造成风险的担忧。(S1)

celebrity /sI5lebrEtI/ n [C] 名人：social celebrities 社会名流 (S1)

outsize / 5aUtsaIz / adj 超大型的;极大的：a person of outsize name 蜚声四方的人物 (S1)

interact /9IntEr5Akt/ v [I] 互相作用;互动;互相影响：We can’t yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. [2002年考研阅读理解Part A Text 2] 然而，我们还无法给机器人足够的常识，使其与不断变化的世界进行可靠的互动。(S1)precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ adv准确地;精确地：I can’t remember precisely what happened. 我记不准所发生的事情了。(S2)

acquaintance /E5kweIntEns/ n [C] 熟人(只相识但非密友)：We are only recent acquaintances. 我们只是刚刚结识。(S3)

initial /I5nIFl/ adj开始的;最初的：Remember that your initial draft is only that. [2008年考研阅读理解Part B] 记住，初稿只是初稿。(S3)

removed /rI5mu:vd/ adj 离开的;远离……的;与……无关的：She is removed from self-interest. 她没有私心。(S4)

cascade /kA5skeId/ n [C] 瀑布;连续传递的过程： The greater the number of people who are well briefed, the wider the cascade effect. 被告知的人数越多，连续传递的范围越广。(S4)

propagate /5prCpEgeIt/ v [I,T]传播(观念、理论、知识等)：Missionaries went far to propagate their faith. 传教士到远方去传播其信仰。(S4)

[第五段]

dynamics/daI5nAmIks/ n [C] 动力：the dynamics of changing social relations改变社会关系的动力(S1)

simulation/9sImjU5leIFn/ n [C,U] 模拟;模仿：The pilot’s skills are tested through simulation. 飞行员的技术是通过模拟飞行来检测的。(S1)

manipulate /mE5nIpjUleIt / v [T] 操纵;操作;利用：She knows how to manipulate the audience. 她知道如何操纵观众。(S1)

variable /`veriəbl / n [C] 变量;可变因素：There are too many variables involved to make a meaningful prediction. 涉及的可变因素太多，不可能作有意义的预言。 (S1)

principal /5prInsEpl/ adj主要的;首要的：My principal concern is my family’s welfare. 我最为关心的是我一家的幸福。(S2)

a mass of sb/sth (常指混乱的)一群，一堆(人或物)：There was a mass of people around the cinema entrance. 电影院入口处有一大群人。(S2)

[选项词汇]

cite /saIt/ v [T](尤指在学术作品中)引用; 引证：She cites both T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf in her article. 她在文章中引用了T.S.艾略特和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的作品。(I31)

exemplify /Ig5zemplIfaI/ v [T] 举出(某事物)的例子;举例说明：exemplify the problems involved 举例说明所涉及的问题 (I31)

solid /5sClId/ adj 可信的;可靠的：solid evidence 可靠的证据(I32)

validity /vE5lIdEtI/ n [U]符合逻辑;正确(性)：test the validity of a theory 验证一个理论的正确性(I32)

go with sth 伴随：A fair amount of stress seems to go with jobs like this. 像这样的工作会伴随相当大的压力。(I33)

readiness /5redInIs/ n [C]愿意;乐意：Spain had indicated a readiness to accept his terms. 西班牙早已表示愿意接受他的条件。(I35)

inclination /9INklI5neIFn/ n [C,U] 倾向;意愿：The military government has shown little inclination to restore democracy. 军政府并未表现出重建民主的意愿。(I35)

①In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are

地点状语 主语 谓语

driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called

宾语从句 插入语

influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. (P1S1)

定语从句

[分析]本句的主干结构为Malcolm Gladwell argues that...。谓语argues后紧跟由that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句的主干结构为“social epidemics” are driven ...by the actions of ...。过去分词结构often called influentials作插入语，进一步说明special individuals;句末，who引导的定语从句则修饰special individuals，说明有影响力人士的共同特征。

②The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely

主 语 谓 语 宾 语

untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication": Information flows from the

定语

media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.(P2S1)

同位语

[分析]本句的主干部分为The supposed importance of influentials derives from a...theory...。宾语theory前的形容词词组plausible-sounding but largely untested为定语，意为“一项听起来似乎合情合理却未经证实的”，过去分词结构called the“two step flow of communication”充当后置定语，修饰theory。冒号后的句子是two step flow of communication的同位语，解释说明“二级传播理论”的具体内容。

③Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow

主语 依据状语

theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and

谓语 宾语 方式状语

colleagues directly.(P4S2)

[分析]本句使用的是it is ...who...的强调句式，强调的是句子的主语these non-celebrity influencials，其非强调句形式为：these non-celebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics，句首的precisely为程度副词，起强调作用，介词according to引导的结构充当依据状语，说明句中阐述的观点是依据“二级传播”理论提出的。句末介词by引导的结构则充当方式状语，即“以直接影响他们的朋友以及同事的方式，推动社会潮流的传播”。

④For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence

目的状语 转折连词 主语1 后置定语 谓语1

his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how

宾语1 定语从句

many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial

主语2 谓语2 宾语2

influential.(P4S3)

[分析]本句and连接的两个并列分句构成，前一分句的主干结构为each person so affected must influence his or her acquaintances…，句首的for a social epidemic to occur为目的状语。该分句中acquaintances后是who引导的定语从句修饰。第二个分句的主干结构为how many others pay attention to each of these people little to do with the initial influentials，其中主语为从句how many others pay attention to each of these people。

⑤If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove

条件状语从句

resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many

插入语 主语 谓语1 状语 谓语2 宾语

people. (P4S4)

[分析]本句是包含条件状语从句的主从复合句，其主干部分为the cascade of change won?蒺t propagate...or affect...。句首If引导的条件状语从句，说明主句叙述的现象产生的条件。介词短语in the network和two degrees removed from the initial influence为主语的后置定语， 说明这些人的特征，即“在社会网络中处于中间层级，非直接接受有影响力人士影响的那些人”。for example 为插入语，表示本句是对第四段句③的举例说明。

⑥Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the

状语 主语 谓语

dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of

宾语 方式状语1

populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence

方式状语2 定语

others and their tendency to be influenced. (P5S1)

[分析]本句为简单句，主干结构为the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence...。句首的现在分词短语Building on...为条件状语。宾语后by引导两个并列的方式状语，分别为by conducting...和(by)manipulating...。方式状语2中的现在分词短语relating to...作后置定语修饰variables(变量)，说明变量的两大相关种类：人们影响他人的能力(people’s ability to influence others)和人们受他人影响的意愿(their tendency to be influenced)。

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