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81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce astate of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants ofother organs, such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently.但是，我们已经发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的"常规"并没有被肝脏移植物所遵循。肝脏移植物非但从没遭到过排斥，甚至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状态(donor-specificunresponsiveness)，在此状态中，随后来自那个供者其它器官的移植物，如皮肤，会永久地被接受。

82. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered(by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy tobe reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.当岩石界面被穿过的时候，震波所遇到的弹性性质通常会发生突然的变化，这就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回来的波被震波纪录仪记录下来。

83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrusfragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，forinstance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy whichbested Sophocles,and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.数据资料已被统计出来，或被重新统计出来，以便证明在文体学这方面，《乞援衰女》实际上确实在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后两者现在则变成了"原始"的剧作)之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种幽灵似的疑虑，即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，并证明，比如说，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以击败索福克勒斯的《达那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，从而将创作年代再度置于极度的混乱之中.注：best:击败,=defeat, overcome, outdo

84. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come intobeing to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceivesas essential. 一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成产生，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。

85. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductiveprocess marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind arecompensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that theultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing muchmore pollen than is actually used.传统上，风媒传粉被看成是这样的繁殖过程：其特征就是由一些随即事件的发生，在这些随机事件里，风的反复无常被大量的产生花粉所补偿，以至于新种子的最终产生被保证了，其代价是产生远远多于实际使用量的花粉。

86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they aretransported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in theview above，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance byvirtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitudegreater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。雅思托福哪个好考

87. For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers arelocated，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over thecone's surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated fromthe "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technologicaldevelopments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex intopublic industry".FE,却预测妇女们将被从家庭的"社会、法律和经济压迫"中解放出来，只是通过使得征召"整个女性阶层进入公共的工业中去"成为可能的技术进步的方式做到的。

89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation ofsecretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginningmanagers，from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of"dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women's work."十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类"没前途"的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而是由于秘书工作--在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练--与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类"没前途"的职业便被视作是"女人的工作。"

90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the homein the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework andan increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economicnecessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of singlewomen workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一-一类妇女。The pool of 如果后面跟着一群人，则表示劳动力资源。