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Introduction

It is difficult to identify errors in your own written work, but if you canleave 3 or 4 minutes at the end of the test to perform a careful rereading ofeach task, you will almost certainly be able to find and correct some.

Common errors

Here are some common errors found in Hong Kong university students' writtenwork. Watch out for them when you are proof reading.

Run-on Sentences and Sentence Fragments

Check each sentence to make sure it has a subject and a verb and that itexpresses a complete concept.

Do not run two sentences together incorrectly. Use punctuation (full stops,colons or semicolons) or linking words to separate them or clarify meaning.

Punctuation

Use capital letters at the start of sentences and for names of persons,cities, countries, languages, streets, and titles.

End every sentence with a full stop or question mark.

Use punctuation (commas, colons, semi-colons) within individual sentencesto separate phrases and for easier understanding.

Place exact quotes in quotation marks. Full stops and commas go inside thequotation marks.

Use apostrophes correctly to indicate possession.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Check every subject and verb to make sure that if you have used a singularsubject, you have also used a singular verb. Similarly, a plural subject needs aplural verb. Pay extra care to add an 's' to present simple tense verbs in the3rd person singular.

e.g. The IELTS exam tests our level of English.

Sentence Length

Keep sentences reasonably short. General guidelines for academic writingrecommend a maximum of 25 words per sentence.

Break long sentences into shorter units.

If too short, perhaps you could link them using a conjunction or othertransitional device, but do not overdo this (e.g. by starting nearly everysentence with a linking word.)

Cohesion (sentences)

Ensure that each sentence follows clearly and logically from the one beforeit. Note that it is not necessary to keep all sentences the same length;sentences of different lengths in each paragraph makes for a more interestingwriting style.

Cohesion (paragraphs)

Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence which states the main idea,fact or opinion.

Paragraphs should be around 4 -5 sentences long. Task one will probablycontain 2-3 paragraphs, task two, 4 - 5. Try to use the last sentence to connectin some way with the paragraph after, or the first sentence to link with theparagraph before. Limit paragraph length to a maximum of 100 words.

Before the test, when you practise writing tasks, check the spelling of anyword you are unsure about. Be especially careful of the "ei" and "ie" words,words which add "-ing" and/or "ed," and words with one or more sets of doubleletters.