小编在此和大家分享新东方托福词汇讲义。

第一章 词汇的记忆方法

一.基础记忆方法

只有一种：看过记住并把它背下来。

二.核心辅助记忆方法

1. 词根词缀法>>任何其他方法

un-, dis-, -tion, -tive, … 点记

忆 法→面 记 忆法

正如中文的偏旁部首，“釒”，“目”等，或者词尾“儿”等等。

2. 联想记忆法≡自己的方法(扯淡法)

athlete vs agony hippopotamus vs charisma

只要是自己的方法就可以一直记住。但不适合大片记忆，适合记忆一些特殊单词或 长时间难以记住的单词。

三.词汇记忆的误区

1.每个字母都要背

2.仅仅联想或放弃联想

3.完全放弃

四.托福对词汇的要求

1. 各单项的要求： 阅读：能根据上下文或其他线索判断单词的释义，不需要任何与 文章涉及的相关专业领域的专业知识即可做题。 听力：掌握大学生活的日常用语和少数习语、词组的发音和释 义 口语：基本是自己最善长的语言习惯，注意发音。 写作：自己最熟悉，最常用， 最能把握的单词，词组和一些考试常用的习惯说法或句型。尽量避免使用偏词难词，避免出现拼写和用法错误。

2. 整体对词汇数量和难度要求

2000?3000?5000?还是 8000?甚至 12000?

总量不变 VS 分量增加

五.背单词的宏观计划和策略------态度决定一切

1. 每天 100~150 个单词

2. 每天一小时~两小时

3. 每天一篇文章

六.调整心态------吃吃喝喝玩玩乐乐

第二章 词缀

一.前缀(Prefix)

在语言学中被称作黏着语素(bound morpheme)。本身不具词义，只是根据词根的本义衍生出实际意义。

tract------protract, retract, extract, abstract, attract, detract, distract, contract, subtract, intractable

真正常见的前缀并不很多，只要记住这些前缀就可以判断该词与其词根的基本关系，从而帮助记忆。

二.后缀(Suffix)

亦被称为黏着语素。可以通过后缀轻易判断该词的词性，甚至使用方法。

Satisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying …

-ing 令人…，-ed(人)被…，感到…

三.应用

1. Word class changed

N→V

length+ en→ lengthen

hospital+ ize→ hospitalize

un+ horse → unhorse

dis+ card→ discard

N→Adj

fool+ ish→ foolish

beast+ly→ beastly

delight+ ful→delightful

speech+ less→speechless

virtue+ ous→ virtuous

N→Adj/Adv

clock+ wise→ clockwise(withershins)

earth+ ward→ earthward

V→N

work+ er→ worker

pay+ ee→ payee

inhabit+ ant→ inhabitant

V→Adj

accept+ able→ acceptable

adore+ able→ adorable

Adj→N

mean+ ness→ meanness

rapid+ ity→ rapidity

Adj→V

deaf+ en→ deafen

sweet+ en→ sweeten

Adj→Adv

exact+ ly→ exactly

quick+ ly→ quickly

2. Word class unchanged

N→N

non+ smoker→ nonsmoker

ex+ president→ ex-president

profit+ eer→ profiteer

book+ let→ booklet

V→V

dis+ obey→ disobey

un+ do→ undo

Adj→Adj

tall+ ish→ tallish

il+ logical→ illogical

3. in & im

injustice imperfect

inefficient impenetrable

infirm impossible

4. r→ l

grammar (O.E.)→ glamour (M.E.)

Scots [magic spell]

苏格兰语 [有魔力的符咒]

alteration of grammar [from the association of learning with magic]

grammar 的变化 [从与学习魔法的联系中得来]

peregrinus (Latin)→ pilgrim

marbre (French) → marble

5.特殊构词法

⑴ Invention 造字

Kodak, Coke, Nylon, granola(格兰诺拉麦片),

⑵ Blending 由组合其他词的某部分而创造出的新词

i.词前+词后

transfer + resister → transistor

smoke + fog → smog

positive + electron → positron

boat + hotel → boatel

breakfast + lunch → brunch

television + broadcast → telecast

cremated + remains → cremains(骨灰)

ii.词前+词前

teleprinter + exchange → telex (电报)

modulator + demodulator → modem(调制解调器)

analog + computer → anacom(分析计算机)

digital + computer → digicom(数字电脑)

insulating + lacquer → insulac(绝缘漆)

iii.Quiz

bash 怒殴 =? channel+ tunnel

smash 打碎, 粉碎 =? spiced+ ham

glimmer 闪烁=? flame+ glare

clash 冲突=? motor+ hotel

flare 闪耀=? bat+ mash

motel 汽车旅馆=? smack+ mash

workaholic 专心工作的人=? gleam+ shimmer

spam 垃圾广告=? chuckle+ snort

chunnel 水底隧道=? work+ alcoholic

chortle 得意地笑=? clap+ crash

⑶ Abbreviation 缩写

i. Cutting the final part (or with a slight variation)

advertisement →ad

bicycle →bike

brassiere →bra

condominium →condo (分户出售公寓大厦)

delicatessen →deli ( (pl. delis)熟食品 熟食店)

fanatic → fan

mathematics →math

mayonnaise →mayo (蛋黄酱)

narcotics agent →narc (缉查毒品的刑警)

professor → prof

television → telly

ii. Cutting the initial part

aeroplane → plane

helicopter→ copter

caravan→ van(n./v.沙漠, 旅行队, 大篷车)

omnibus → bus

telephone → phone

iii. Cutting both the initial and final parts accordingly

influenza → flu

refrigerator → fridge

detective → tec

also seen in names:

Robert → Bob

Edward → Ed

Elizabeth → Liza

Michael → Mike

and in educational domain:托福词汇题

chem for chemistry

exam for examination

gym for gymnasium

lab for laboratory

⑷ Acronym 只取首字母的缩写词

EEC→ European Economic Community

CIA→ Central Intelligence Agency

PLO→ Palestine Liberation Organization

UNESCO→ United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization

WTO→ World Trade Organization

WB→ World Bank

DINK→ Double Income No Kids

Shortening:

Aids→ acquired immune deficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺损综合症

EEG→ electroencephalogram 脑电图描记器

Radar→ Radio detecting and ranging

MANIAC→ mathematical analyzer numerical integrator and computer 数学分析器数值积分器和计算机

COBOL→ common business oriented language 面向商业的通用语言

WASP→ white Anglo-Saxon protestant

VAT→ value added tax 增值税

⑸ Back-formation 逆构词法

gangling → gangle

editor → edit

peddler → peddle

hawker → hawk

enthusiasm→ enthuse

laser → lase

calmative →calm

⑹ Borrowing

Chinese: taji, chow mien, wok, kung-fu

Japanese: judo

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