Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills. (TPO14, 46)

inequality n. 不平等

pastoralist /'pæstərəlist/ n. 田园诗的作者，畜牧者

steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;(价格或要求)过高的，不合理的

hierarchy /'haɪərɑːkɪ/ n. 等级制度

我是分界线哦，大家先一遍速读

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities),and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men),(including, often, their military skills). (TPO14, 46)

分析：

这句话的重点其实就是：they seem to have been softened

修饰一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) ，介词短语

中文：没有严格的财富等级制度

修饰二：(in most communities) ，介词短语

中文：在大多数群落中

修饰三：(also by the requirement) ，介词短语，注意这里的also by the requirement和by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth是并列的

中文：也需要

修饰四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men)，从句

中文：女性获得大多数男人的技能托福词汇书

修饰物：( including, often, their military skills)，介词短语

中文：包括常用军事技能

翻译：

性别不平等也已经存在于畜牧主义社会，但由于在大多数群落中并没有严格的财富等级制度，以及要求女性获得大多数男人的技能像军事技能，这种不平等似乎已经被缓解。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。