The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging——such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories——but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another. (TPO11, 45)

我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。美国大学托福要求

The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs (of exaggerated begging)——(such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories)——but rather in the damage (that any successful cheater would do to its siblings), (which share genes with one another).(TPO11, 45)

分析：

这个句子主干是：The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs but rather in the damage，大家要注意这里的not…but结构，不是…而是

修饰一：(of exaggerated begging) ，介词短语，修饰costs

中文：夸张的乞讨

修饰二：—— (such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories) ，破折号，解释说明

中文：这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的

修饰三：(that any successful cheater would do to its siblings) ，从句，修饰damage

中文：任何一个成功的欺骗者会对它的兄弟姐妹造成伤害

修饰四：(which share genes with oneanother)，从句，修饰siblings

中文：彼此拥有相同的基因

参考翻译：

答案明显不在于夸张的乞讨所增加的能量消耗——这些能量消耗相对于可能获得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一个成功的欺骗者会对和它有同样基因的兄弟姐妹造成伤害。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。