课文重难点 Further notes on the text

1.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what hadhappened to her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。

(1)这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。

(2)before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为"在……之前"，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：

It will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。

He ran off before his mother could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

2.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caughtin a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。

(1)我们已经学过 set out表示"出发"：

Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。

set out from表示"从……出发"。

(2) be caught in表示某人"(突然)遇到/上(风暴等)"：

He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。

3.Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。

介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于 after she had spent the wholenightin the water。

4.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.在那段时间里，她游了8英里。新东方新概念

(1)that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。

(2)cover可以笼统地表示"行过(一段路程)"，根据上下文可具体译为"走过"、"飞过"、"游过"等：

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。

(3)

表示具体的距离可以用"a distance of+ 具体长度"这个结构。

5.high up on the cliffs，在高高的峭壁上。

up为形容词，

表示"在上面的"、"高高的"、"在较高处的"，high为副词，修饰up。

6.On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthelight she had seen.到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。

(1)"on+ 动名词"相当于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。

(2) she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。

(3)up 在此处为介词，表示"沿着……往上"。

7.That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。

that指前面(从第2句话开始)描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that(不能用which)被省略了。

语法 Grammar in use

用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词(也被称为小品词)

(1)表示"上"、"下"

的两对小品词是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't falloff.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。

Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。

(2)表示"来"、"去"

的一对小品词是from和to;towards的意义与to相近，表示"朝"、"向"、"接近"等;for在有些动词后面也表示"往"、"向"的意思：

He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.

他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。

The plane flies from Moscow to New York.这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。

He went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。

He went for home.他回家了。

He left/ set out for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。

(3)表示"进去"、"出来"

这两种方向的介词为into和out of;表示"在某个地方"或"在……里面/外面"可用 at，in，outof等;表示目的地或位置往往用at：

When did you come into the restaurant?你什么时候进的餐馆?

You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.我进来的时候你不在餐馆。

We ran out of the house.我们从屋里跑了出来。

We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我们到达乡下。(范围大时用in)

We arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我们到达车站。(范围小时用at)

(4)表示"穿过"、"越过"、"绕过"

等动作时，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介词：

词汇学习 Word study

1.pass与past

(1)动词 pass的过去式为 passed，过去分词为passed或past。当它作及物动词用时，可以表示"经过"、"通过(考试)"或"超过"等，作不及物动词用时可以表示"(时间等)消逝"：

You passed me without even noticing me!你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我!

Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at greatspeed.你姐姐/妹妹开着她的新车从我身旁驶过，开得非常快。

I've passed/ past my French test.我法语考试通过了。

A month has passed/ past since I left home.我离开家已一个月了。

(2)past可以作形容词、介词、名词等。作形容词时表示"以前的"、"过去的"等：

Many things happened in the post week.过去的这一周内发生了许多事。

Frank is proud of his past experiences.弗兰克为自己以往的经历感到自豪。

作介词时它表示"经过"或"超出(范围等)"：

He has just walked past me.他刚从我身边走过去。

His words are past my understanding.我不懂他的话。

作名词时它表示"过去"、"昔时"或"往事"等：

Can you tell me something about your past?您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗?

In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the NewYear.我们过去常聚集在市政厅的大钟下面迎新年。

2.next与other

next表示时间顺序上"紧接的"、"下一个"。如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the;

如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则 next前面要加the或其他修饰词：

See you next Friday.下个星期五再见。

Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to theparty.第2天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能来参加晚会了。

the other day指时间时可以有a few days ago的意思：

Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived inLondon.前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A 1 The girl set out from the coast.

2 She jumped into the sea.

3 She swam to the shore.

B 1 to 2 from/out of 3 (up) to 4 for/ from

5 from…to/ to…from 6 at 7 to 8 from

C ( sample answers)

1 A bird flew into the room.

2 The parachutist jumped from the aeroplane.

3 The child pointed at the fat lady.

4 Put the milk in the refrigerator.

2.难点练习答案

1 the other day 2 passed 3 next 4 past

3.多项选择题答案

1 d 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 b

7 b 8 c 9c 10 c 11a 12 c