课文重难点 Further notes on the text

1.next to, 挨着。

它既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着：

Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting? 开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁?

There's a field/shop next to our house. 我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。

2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight blackdress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。

(1)unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的，喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable(舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的)，interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(无趣味的，乏味的)。

(2)in在这里表示"穿着"、"戴着"：

A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。

3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。

take a seat表示"坐下"，比sit要正式：

Please take a seat.请坐。

take one's seat则表示位置事先已安排好：

After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner partybegan.大家各自就座后，会议/宴会便开始了。

4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busyeating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。

(1)fix最常用的意思为"使……固定"、"安装"：

she fixed a handle on the door.她在门上安了个把手。

fix on的含义之一为"使(目光、注意力等)集中于"、"盯着"：

He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand aword.他的眼睛盯着那本书，但他一个字儿也没看懂。

(2)busy+ doing sth.表示"忙着做某事"， doing前可以加 in，也可以不加：

They are busy (in) repairing the car.他们正忙着修车。

We're all busy getting ready for the performance.我们都在忙着为演出进行准备。

5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点，少说点……

在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应，more与less对应。再如：

You can either go out or stay here.你出去也行，呆在这里也行。

He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has littlemoney.他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。

语法 Grammar in use

第2类条件句

在第16课的语法中，我们学习了第1类条件句，它谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示：

You'll miss the train if you don'thurry.你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。(主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时)

第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同，if从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would +动词原形，推测想像的结果：

If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们将呆在家里。

尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为"非真实的过去"。

第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为"无把握"。试比较：

不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情：

If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.如果我的腿再长一点儿，我就能跑得更快了。

在最后一个例句中，theweather是单数，按语法规则，在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中，were比was更为正式，与真实情况的差别也更大：

If he were/was ready, I would go.如果他准备好了，我就去。

if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议：

If I were you, I'd accept their offer.如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。

词汇学习 Word study

1.make vt., vi.

及物动词make的原义为"制造"，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make +(冠词)+名词形式。因名词的不同其含义也稍有不同：

I tried to make conversation.我试图找个话题。

If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.如果你愿意，今天早上我来铺床。

Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.我看书时你(们)别这么吵闹。

He made a promise that he would return the books in aweek.他保证一星期后将书还回来。

If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.你如果再捣蛋，我就把你送回家。

He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.他很刻苦，但他进步甚小。新概念3听力下载

He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.他挣钱多，花钱也多。

Can you make a speech for our students?您能为我们的学生演讲一次吗?

I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.我很遗憾地告诉你，你犯了个大错误。

在表示"下定决心"、"拿定王意"时要用词组make up one's mind:

Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?你已下定决心要明天早上出发了吗?

2.do vt.

与make一样，完全动词do也可以用于一些固定说法，它的含义比make要更笼统一些：

I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.我已经尽力而为了，但我考试还是没及格。

After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.你做完作业后可以看电视。

Would you please do me a favour?请帮个忙好吗?

I did a few jobs about the house.我干了点家务活。

I did a lot of work around the house.我干了许多家务活。

Can you do any more work today?你今天还能再干点活吗?

We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.我们得做第10课的第2项和第3项练习。

That shop does very good business.那家商店的生意很好。

do 还可以与动名词连用：

We did all our shopping yesterday.我们昨天把东西都买了。

I do a lot of swimming.我常常游泳。

I did some reading this afternoon.今天下午我读了点书。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

1 were 2 tries 3 will burn

4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize

7 were 8 won 9 would not be

10 could

2.难点练习答案

1 made… do 2 does… makes

3 doing…making 4 made…did

3.多项选择题答案

1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a

7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d