知识要点：

一、名词的种类：

1、专有名词：

1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)

2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, theUnited States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。)

2、普通名词

1)不可数名词

注意：?不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。

如：have a wonderful time.

?不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

?不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……

| | |

各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪

?有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难

?在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces ofpaper….

2)可数名词：

?可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.

The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.

Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.

?有复数形式：

a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同，略)

b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),

woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),

phenomenon(phenomena)…

注意：c)单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如，a sheep, twosheep

d)只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…

e)形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料)，means.

f)形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等

g)集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： Myfamily is a big one. My family are music lovers.

h)复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹;step-son(s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。

(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人

(c)woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a womandoctor—women doctors

二、名词的所有格：

1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, mybrother’s room, women’s rights…

注意：1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’rest-home(工人疗养院)，the students’ reading-room

2)复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’sbook(其他任何人的书)

3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’sroom. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有)

4)表地点(店铺，某人的家等)的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所)Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)

5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。

如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业)

2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book

3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：

the story of Dr Norman Bethune

Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?

4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：

在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these,those等)时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。

some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明新概念英语官方网

those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。

专项训练：

1、There are only twelve in the hospital.

A.woman doctors B.women doctors

C.women doctor D.woman doctor

2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.

A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws

C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law

3、——How many does a cow have?

——Four.

A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies

4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.

A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens

5、The of the building are covered with lots of .

A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs

6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.

A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies

7、That was a fifty engine.

A.horse power B.horses power

C.horse powers D.horses powers

8、My father often gives me .

A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice

9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.

A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup tea

10、Can you give us some about the writer?

A.informations B.information

C.piece of informations D.pieces information

11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.

A.teas; bread B.teas; breads

C.tea; breads D.tea; bread

12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .

A.lights; sounds B.light; sound

C.sound; light D.sounds; lights

13、She told him of all her and .

A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear

C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears

14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.

A.water; harm B.water; harms

C.waters; harm D.waters; harms

15、——How far away is it from here to your school?

——It’s about .

A.half an hour’s drive B.half hours drives

C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive

16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s .

A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs’ Smith

C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith’s

17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .

A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’

C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s

18、Last week I called at my .

A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’

19、The beach is a throw.

A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s

20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A.Peter’ B.Peter C.Peters D.Peters’

答案：

1、B 2、A

3、C stomach(胃)虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。

4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。

6、C 7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。

8、B

9、A 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶;名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。

10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A

16、D 根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。

17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。

20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。