Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable

【New words and expressions】(12)

unload v. 卸(货)

wooden adj. 木制的

extremely adv. 非常，极其

occur v. 发生

astonish v. 使惊讶

pile n. 堆

woollen n. 羊毛的

goods n. (常用复数)货物，商品

discover v. 发现

admit v. 承认

confine v. 关在(一个狭小的空间里)

normal adj. 正常的，通常的

★unload v. 卸(货)

load v. 装货

★extremely [iks5tri:mli] adv. 非常, 极其

extremely 把一个形容词或副词推到了极限，达到了无以复加的程度

I am extremely tired. 我累极了

★occur vi. 发生

① vi. 发生

When did the accident occur?

② vi. 被想起，被想到

It occured to sb. that… 某人想起了……

It occured to me that I didn't finish my homework. 我想起我还没完成作业

It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起了……

It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.

突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看

sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想起某件事 (从后面往前面翻)

A good idea occured to me. = I have a good idea.

happen vi. 发生

What happened/occured ?

It happened to me… 这件事发生在我身上

What happened to the clavichord?

What happened to you? = What's wrong with you? 什么事发生在你身上?

★astonish [Es5tCniF] vt. 使惊讶

如果一个动词跟人的情绪有关，则它的宾语是人，其形容词有两个：令人 –ing;感到 -ed

astonishing adj. 令人惊讶 ; astonished adj. 感到惊讶的

I am surprised.-->astonished-->astounded-->shocked 惊讶程度递增

surprise 最常用,但意思肤浅

astonished 难以置信的事

astound [Es5taund] vt. 使惊骇, 使大吃一惊 (非常吃惊, 目瞪口呆)

shock 不快的事情

★discover v. 发现 (属于那种以前你不知道的事现在知道了)

discovery [dis5kQvEri] n. 探索，发现

★admit v. 承认

① vt. 承认，供认

admit sth. / admit doing sth. 承认做某事

I admit having lunch.

admit that… 承认……

Sally admitted that she had used your dictionary.

deny sth. /deny doing sth. 拒绝做……

② vt. 准许……进入，准许……加入

Without a ticket you won’t be admitted into cinema.

They won’t admit him into/to the government.

★confine v. 关在或局限在某个地方(一个狭小的空间里)

sb. was confined to +地点 某人被关在某个地方

sb. was confined to the room.

【Text】新概念英语学习方法

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is $2,000!

参考译文

当一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时, 工人们开始卸下装有服装的一批木箱. 其中有只箱子特别重, 可谁也弄不清是怎么回事. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看. 看到的情景使吃惊, 箱内有一个人正躺在一堆毛织品之上. 他由于被人发现而感到非常吃惊, 甚至都没有企图逃跑. 此人被逮捕后, 承认他是在飞机离开伦敦前躲进箱里的. 他经历了一次漫长而又难受的旅程, 因为他在那木箱里闷了18个多小时. 此人被责令交付旅费3,500英镑, 而正常票价是2,000英镑!

【课文讲解】

1、Expensive and uncomfortable

It is too expensive! 贵得令人不能接受

The book is dear. 这本书有点贵(dear [diE] adj.昂贵的, 亲爱的)

2、When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.

a number of… 许多，若干……

You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.

unload 的含义为“卸(货)”，它的反义词为load(装货)。与形容词uncomfortable，unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。

clothing服装的总称，不可数名词，在分类时强调衣服这一种类，可以包括鞋、帽等;clothes一般指衣服，表示"衣服"的单数名词的复数形式, 表示许多衣服。

3、No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.

No one could account for the fact that… 谁也弄不清楚……这样一个事实

No one knows… 没有人知道……

account for = explain= give the explanation 说明原因、作出说明(或解释)，但也有区别，account 的解释必须是令人满意的，而explain 却只要是一个解释就行

The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison’s decision to leave the country.

How do you account for the battered car?

that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。

一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的that是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用;that在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句

My friend Lucy 同位语

He couldn’t explain the fact that Mary’s wallet was found in his room.

4、It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.

sth. occurred to sb. 某人想起某事

open up 打开

When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.

5、He was astonished at what he found.

sb. be astonished at sth. 某事使/让某人吃惊

Sam appears astonished at the news/sound.

what引导名词性从句作介词at的宾语，what = the thing which/that…

6、A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods.

a pile of 一堆……

piles of snow 一堆堆的雪

on top of 在……之上(与顶端有接触面)

at the top of 在……上方(at the top of之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之内)

7、He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.

have a trip = go on a trip

be confined to 把……限制起来

Last weekend, Tom’s mother confined him to his room.

for在文中这里强调事实, 而非原因

over = more than

8、The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip.

pay…for… 为……付钱，为……付出代价

She paid $50 for that dress.

cost of… ……的花费, 费用

the cost of government 政府开支

【Key structures】

与 to, at, for和 with连用的动词

与to连用的动词：accustom(ed) to(习惯于);amount to(达到);appeal to(呼吁);apply to /for(适用于);attach(ed) to(附属于);attend to(参加);belong to(属于);challenge to(向……提出挑战);compare to /with(比较);condemn(ed) to(判刑);confess to(承认);confine to(限制);consent to(同意);convert to(改信(某宗教));entitle(d) to(享有权利);listen to(听);mention to(提到);object to(反对); occur to(想到); prefer to(更喜欢);react to /against(对……反应);reply to(回答);respond to(响应);see to(注意);submit to(服从于); surrender to(向……投降);turn to(转向);yield to(屈服)。

I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers.

Will you see to this flower while I’m away? 我不在的时候你照看一下这花好吗?

I shall see to the dinner tonight. 今晚我做晚饭。

与at连用的动词：amused at/by(对……感到有趣);arrive at/in(到达);astonish (ed) at/ by(感到惊愕);exclaim at(惊叫);glance at(对……看一眼);guess at(猜测);knock at(敲);look at(看);point at/to(指向);shock(ed) at / by(感到震惊);stare at(盯着……看);surprise(d) at /by(感到惊讶);wonder at/about(感到惊异);work at/on(钻研)。

at通常用于表达感情的一些词之后，并且这些词往往用被动语态，at用于其它动词之后一般为主动语态。

He was astonished at what he found.

Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.

与 for连用的动词：account for(说明(原因));ask for/of(请求);act for/on(代表);apologize for(因……而道歉);blame for(责备);beg for(乞求);call for(需要);charge for(收费);exchange for(交换);hope for(希望);look for(寻找);mistake for(误认为);mourn for(哀悼);pay for(为……付款);prepare for(准备);provide for(提供);search for(寻求);thank for(感谢);vote for/on 投票支持;wait for/on(等候)。

He was searched for the stolen money.

Can you account for his strange behavious?

与with连用的动词：agree with(同意);begin with(以……开始);communicate with(与……联络);compare with/to(与……比较);compete with/against(同……竞争);comply with(同意;confuse with(误作);contrast with/to(形成对照);cope with(对付);correspond with(与……一致);disgust(ed) with(使……讨厌);finish with(完成);help with/ in(帮助);interfere with/in(干扰);mix with(混合);occupy(ied) with(从事于);part with(放弃);please(d) with(对……满意);quarrel with/about(争论);reason with(规劝);satisfy (fied) with/by(感到满足);threaten (ed) with(威胁)。

I’m pleased with this room.

Sam used to mix with those people. 萨姆过去常与那些人交往。

We’ll begin with the exercises. 我们从练习开始。

【Multiple choice questions】

2 The man had hidden in the box ___c___.

a. to get to Sydney b. because it contained woollen goods

c. to avoid paying the fare from London to Sydney

d. because no one would find him

because后面加原因;to后面加目的

avoid doing sth. 避免做某事

fare n. 车费，乘坐的交通工具的费用

4 Which boxes contained clothing? ___d___.

a.The wooden b. The wood c. The woody ones d. The wooden ones

the wooden 木头的; the wood 木头(表示木头制的东西用wooden)

woody [5wudi] adj. 多树木的, 木本的, 木头般的, 木制的