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Notes on the text课文注释

1 in return for…，作“作为……的报答”讲。

2 out of business, 倒闭，破产。

3 as long ago as, 作“追溯到”、“早在”讲。注意要与aslong as分开，后面这个短语作“只要”或“长达……之久”讲。

4 people would rather pay large sums of money thanhave their life work destroyed by gangsters,

人们情愿支付一大笔钱，也不愿自己毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。

5 made a name for himself, 出名了。

6 be at war with…, 与……处于战争状态。

7 in times of peace, 在和平时期。

8 a sort of hero, 某种英雄。sort of作“可以说是一种”讲。

Summary writing摘要写作

In not more than 80 words write an account of Sir John Hawkwood's career from the time hearrived in Italy. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

Answer these questions in note form to get your points:

1 Where did Sir John Hawkwood settle six hundred years ago?

2 Whom did he hire soldiers to in times of war?

3 Would he threaten to destroy a city-state in times of peace or not?

4 When would he spare a city-state?

5 Did the Italians regard him as a hero in spite of this or not?新概念英语第四册

6 How old was he when he died?

7 Who gave him a state funeral when he died?

8 Did they have a picture painted or not?

9 What was it dedicated to?

Vocabulary词汇

Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage:sums(1.2);promptly(1.3);obtaining(1.5);remarkable(1.7);settled(1.9);hire(1.11);demanded(1.12).

Composition作文

In not more than 200 words write an imaginary account of one of Sir John Hawkwood'sexploits. Use the ideas given below. Do not write more than three paragraphs.

Title:Hawkwood defeated.

Introduction: News that Hawkwood and his men were approaching----panic----villagersprepared to defend farms.

Development: Farmers fought----poorly armed----many killed----Hawkwood destroyed farms----sent message to prince of city-state----demanded money----refused----battle followed----Hawkwood invaded city----many buildings were destroyed----people killed.

Conclusion:Hawkwood was driven off----never attacked this city again----later became theprince's friend.

Letter writing书信写作

You had agreed to give a talk at your local library, but now find that you are unable to do so.Write a letter of about 80 words explaining why. Supply a suitable Introduction andConclusion. Use the following ideas to write the Purpose:sorry for the inconvenience----youare being sent abroad by your firm----will be away for three weeks----hope to give a talk on alater occasion.

Key structures关键句型

Have. (IKS 90)(参见第2册第90课关键句型)

Exercises练习

A Note how have has been used in lines 8 and 16.

B Write sentences using have with the following:

1 a smoke;

2 got a headache;

3 repaired.

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