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Notes on the text

课文注释

1 in the light of，依据，按照。

2 in terms of，从……方面(说来)，按照。

3 grudge paying 中，grudge作“吝惜”，“不愿”解，后面要接名词或动名词。

这句话中的this service 指上文 to save our lives。

4 The conditions of society are such that…

such此处为代词，作“这样”解，that所引起的从句，可视为同位语从句。

5 be free from…，作“不受……影响”解，后面常接 pain(痛苦)， trouble(苦恼)， danger(危险)一类的词语。

6 By having to sleep in the open，由于不得不在露天过夜，这一介词短语作原因状语。

7 in times of real need，确实需要的时侯。

8 put them in the same class as begars，把他们归为乞丐一类。 the same… as…，像……一样。

Comprehension理解

Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one completesentence for each answer.

1 Which of the two is it easier to estimate in terms of money: the value of material goods or thevalue of services?

2 How do beggars arouse the pity of passers-by?

3 How do tramps differ from beggars?

Vocabulary

词汇

Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: value(1. 4); estimate (1. 5); perform (1. 6); possess (1. 7); grudge (1. 8); precisely (1. 8); skills(1. 9).

Summary writing

摘要写作

In not more than 80 words give an account of a tramp's way of life. Use your own words as faras possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

Composition

作文

In not more than 250 words write an answer to the above passage criticizing a tramp's way oflife. Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Compositionshould be in four paragraphs.

Ideas: Tramps ---- free, but freedom paid for by others ---- selfish way of life ----unwillingness to assume responsibility for others (home, children, work, etc. ) ---- lazyparasites on society ---- if we all had the mentality of tramps, society would not exist.

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