New words and expression 生词和短语

Monastery n.寺院，修道院

Abbot n.男修道院院长

Convent n.女修道会, 女修道院

Nun n.修女

abbess n.女修道院院长

St.?Bernard 圣伯纳德

Pass n.关隘

Watchdog n.看门狗

Rashly adv.莽撞地，冒失地

Boldly adv.大胆地, 显眼地

Enclosure n.围场，圈地

Monk n.和尚

Privacy n.清静，隐居

Skier n.滑雪者

Ski n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪(-- go skiing)

Easter n.复活节

-- at Easter 在复活节 / at Christmas 在圣诞节 / at Thanksgiving 在感恩节

connect (v.连接, 联合, 关连)

Switzerland (n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家)

Italy (n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家)

Metre = Meter (n.米, 公尺)

Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying (vi.位于, 躺, 平放)

Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying(vi.说谎)

Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying(vt.放置, 产卵)

Europe (n.欧洲) Asia (n.亚洲)

Tunnel (n.隧道, 地道) Attempt (vt.尝试, 企图)

Freedom (n.自由, 自主) Wander (vi.漫步, 徘徊)

Regular (adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的)

Party (n.团体, 一伙人)

Peace (n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦)

Minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数

Minus adj.负的负的或在负值区间的

-- a minus value 一个负值 / minus five degrees 零下五度

Degree n.度数, 度, 程度

Text 课文

What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.

St. = saint(n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣)

Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)

Pass n.关口

把...与…连接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…

connect...with 把...与某事联系在一起

-- I can‘t connect the picture with my friend, Mary.

be?connected?with 与...有联系

-- Are you connected with the government?

At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.

At?2,473?metres(介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态)

-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.

-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。

-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.

The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh century, lies about

a mile away.

Found(v.建立, 创立)= set up(设立, 竖立)= establish(vt.成立，建立)

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：

1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉

对主句影响不大。

2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。

1>who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语

-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.

-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.

-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.(n.伤害)

旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。

-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.

没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。

-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.

所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。

-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn‘t know

about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.

得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。

2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。

-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.

3>指代时间when、地点where

-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.

他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。

For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the

dangerous Pass.

Life(n.生命, 生活)à lives(life的复数)

These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in

Roman times.

which指代friendly?dogs

-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship

symbol(n.象征)

Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each

year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.

Now?that 既然

1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式

-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.

2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限

-- Now that you won‘t help me, I must do the job myself.

whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however

= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how

-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。

-- Whichever day you come, we‘ll be pleased to see you.

-- Wherever you go, I‘ll follow you.

-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.

Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on

foot.

Despite(介词) = in?spite?of (of是介词)

attempt?to?do?something?= try?to?do?something 企图做某事

There be结构：

-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.新概念作文

= There are still a few students who are studying English in the classroom.

依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of

people who cross the Pass in cars.

in cars = by car

As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.

About(adv.到处, 周围)

-- Don‘t litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter(vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱)

-- look about 到处看 / go about 到处走 / run about 到处跑 / wander about 到处闲逛

keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。

-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.(介词)

-- Do keep the cat in the room. (介词)

-- I‘m?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.(现在分词)

-- The?lamb?was?kept?tight?to?a?tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a tree.

lamb(n.小羊, 羔羊) / tight(adj.紧的, 绷紧的)

In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.

quite the opposite 恰恰相反

The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.

The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.

prefer A to B 宁愿A也不愿B

-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。

-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.

prefer to do sth than do sth

-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。

The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at

Christmas and Easter.

The regular visitors to BeiJing.

These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at

St. Bernard‘s monastery.

Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.

Chess(n.国际象棋)

Special difficulties 难点

1> what

2> when engaged(adj.忙碌的, 使用中的)

3> who

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1... C be?best?known?for?=?be?famous?for… 众所周知, 因...而著名

attraction(n.吸引, 吸引力) trap(vt.使受限制, 设陷)

2... C the main advantage(n.好处, 优势, 有利条件)

endanger(vt.危及)

Swiss(n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的)

Italian(n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的)

3... D differ(vi.不一致, 不同)

occupation(n.工作, 职业) undisturbed(adj.不受打扰的)

pursue(vt.从事, 继续, 追赶) relatively(adv.相对地, 比较地)

4... D 名词作表语(原句中为at介词短语作状语)

5... A 形容词或副词和enough?to?do搭配

b)选项错在so?rash?as?to (-- You?are?so?kind?as?to?help?me.)

6... A with的复合结构形式

-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.

-- With so many people around me, I fell happy.

7... C 让某人做某事：let?sb?do

8... C 泛泛的新概念采取一般现在时

9... B 强调两者之间

10... A

whenever = if?ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此

-- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.(vi.飘浮)

in?case(conj.万一) 主要是讨论预防措施

-- You should insure your house in case there is a fire.

11... D voyage(n.vi.航海, 航行)

12... C wander = roam(v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉)

graze(v.放牧, 吃草)

drift(n.v.漂流)= float(n.v.浮动, 飘浮)

wonder(vt.想知道, 感到奇怪)