联想：perplex  难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思，常用于被动语态）

Eg:  He is perplexed for the answer.

词性相关：bewilderment n.  常用短语：in bewilderment 茫然不知所措

■deduce v. 推断，推理(determine or decide sth. by given facts)

常用短语：deduce ...from 从...中推论，推断新概念英语第二册

Eg: I deduce the conclusion from the given facts.

联想：infer 推断（不表示结论是否有充足的理由）

Eg: What can you infer from the text?

词形联想：induce 劝诱，促使，导致，引起 Eg: illness induced by overwork 过度劳累引起的疾病

词性相关：deduction n. 推论，演绎，减除，扣除

■scanty adj. 不足的，贫乏的(too few, not enough)

Eg: scanty knowledge 一知半解      a scanty crop 欠收

常用短语及相关：be scanty of sth 奇缺

be short of      短缺

be want of = in need of 需要......

Eg: The village school is scanty of textbooks. 这乡村学校奇缺教材。

■shed v. 使流出，泻(pour out)

shed tears 泪流满面

shed light 发光

shed light on sb. 启发，启迪

shed one's blood for country 为祖国而流血。

shed one's clothes 脱去衣服