8，After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision.

the alarm had been given 发出警报

文中还有一个相似表达的句子：
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

The order was given 命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语

9，The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.新概念英语

just in time 很及时
missing 现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明
narrowly 勉强地
10，Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!

to one's horror 使某人感到惊讶
To one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是