8，When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

fail to 没能做成什么
reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地
as it had originally been written = in its original way

9, Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.新概念英语第二册下载

not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式。
英文中，表示否定的副词或副词短语放在句首时，要用"助动词＋主语＋句子其他成分"的结构。
e.g. The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.

10, However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

He had at last been allowed

相当于： he had at last been permitted

he had asked for permission

表示"请求允许，被允许"的短语有：

be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth.

in which ----which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示"正在做某事的过程中"，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
While he was counting..., he had been arrested.

leading to 现在分词，后置定语，补充说明主语
e.g. the steps leading to the president's palace

the road leading to the forest

fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的foot必须是单数形式